Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a standard for taking  analogue audio signals, and turning them into digital data that  can be transmitted over a network. VoIP has become an  important factor in network communication. It has a lower  operational cost, greater flexibility, and a variety of enhanced  applications. VoIP is time – based. To ensure real-time  transmission, Real-Time Transmission Protocol (RTP) is used  on top of User Datagram Protocol (UDP). RTP provides end to-end network transport functions suitable for applications  transmitting real-time data, such as audio, video or simulation  data, over multicast or unicast network services. Java Media  Framework (JMF) is an Application Programming Interface  (API) that uses RTP and therefore ideal for time-based media.  Thus, the topic: leveraging VOIP on LAN using Java Media  Framework. The research aims at designing a system that will  allow users to communicate over a data network. That is to be  able to send text, make voice and video call, and transfer file  over a network. The system uses client/server architecture.  The architecture is a 3-tier: the client, the main server and the  database server. The system designed could be used on  Android mobile phones and computers with Windows  operating system.The outcome of the research will allow users  to communicate at virtually no cost. The product will also put  the network of various organizations into full utilization.

Asante, George; Asante, Michael; Dagadu,Caled Joshua; Acquah-,Hayfron Ben James

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a standard for taking analogue audio signals, and turning them into digital data that can be transmitted over a network. VoIP has become an important factor in network communication. It has a lower operational cost, greater flexibility, and a variety of enhanced applications. VoIP is time – based. To ensure real-time transmission, Real-Time Transmission Protocol (RTP) is used on top of User Datagram Protocol (UDP). RTP provides end to-end network transport functions suitable for applications transmitting real-time data, such as audio, video or simulation data, over multicast or unicast network services. Java Media Framework (JMF) is an Application Programming Interface (API) that uses RTP and therefore ideal for time-based media. Thus, the topic: leveraging VOIP on LAN using Java Media Framework. The research aims at designing a system that will allow users to communicate over a data network. That is to be able to send text, make voice and video call, and transfer file over a network. The system uses client/server architecture. The architecture is a 3-tier: the client, the main server and the database server. The system designed could be used on Android mobile phones and computers with Windows operating system.The outcome of the research will allow users to communicate at virtually no cost. The product will also put the network of various organizations into full utilization.

Files

A_Symmetric_Probabilistic_Non_Circuit_Ba (1).pdf(343.04 KB)

Date

2022

Authors

Asante, George

Asante, Michael

Dagadu,Caled Joshua

Acquah-,Hayfron Ben James

Publisher

International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA)

Abstract

Traditional encryption allows encrypted data to be decrypted before any computation could be performed on such data. This approach could compromise the security of the data when an untrusted party is involved in the computation. To be able to work on data in its encrypted form, a homomorphic encryption approach is recommended. Homomorphic encryption allows computation to be done on data that has been encrypted and yields the same results that would have been obtained if the computation had been performed on the unencrypted form of the data. Most of the Homomorphic encryption (HE) algorithms are deterministic. These deterministic algorithms produce the same ciphertext for a given data on different occasions. This could allow an adversary to easily predict a plaintext from a ciphertext. Probabilistic algorithms, however, resolve the aforementioned challenge of deterministic algorithms. A probabilistic encryption algorithm ensures different ciphertexts for the same plaintext on different occasions. Another challenge of most homomorphic encryption schemes is the way data is encrypted. Most algorithms encrypt data bit-by-bit (i.e. circuit based). Circuit-based encryption makes the encryption and decryption complex, thereby increasing the running time. To reduce the running time, Non-Circuit based encryption and decryption are preferred. Here, numeric data need not be converted to binary before any encryption is done. To ensure a very secure, efficient but simpler HE scheme, the authors have offered a fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) scheme that is Probabilistic, Non-Circuit based, and uses symmetric keys. Results from the experiment conducted show that the proposed scheme is faster than Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integer (DGHV), A simple Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Available in Cloud Computing (SDC), and Fully Homomorphic Encryption by Prime Modular Operation (SAM) schemes. The proposed scheme has a time complexity of O(log(n2 )) and consumes less memory space. Even though HE schemes are naturally slow, the less memory space consumed by the proposed scheme and the time complexity of O (log(n2 )), makes the proposed scheme suitable for real-life implementation such as auction, electronic voting, and in other applications that make use of private data.

Citation

Asante, G., Hayfron-Acquah, J. B., Asante, M., & Dagadu, J. C. (2022). A symmetric, probabilistic, non-circuit based fully homomorphic encryption scheme. International Journal of Computer Networks and Applications (IJCNA), 9(2), 160-168.