Toilets for tenants: a cooperative approach to sanitation bye-law enforcement in Ga West, Accra
Toilets for tenants: a cooperative approach to sanitation bye-law enforcement in Ga West, Accra
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Date
2018
Authors
Dwumfour-Asare, Bismark
Monney, Isaac
Antwi-Agyei, Prince
Cavill, Sue
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
Abstract
Many cities have bye-laws that require landlords to provide acceptable
sanitation for tenants. Yet landlords fail to provide these facilities and the bye laws are seldom enforced. This paper provides evidence from low-income urban
communities in the Ga West Municipality of Accra, Ghana on the barriers to both
toilet provision and bye-law enforcement, drawing on household surveys with
landlords and tenants, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews.
The key constraints to household toilet construction were found to be the lack
of capital, limited space, and availability of nearby public toilets. Barriers to bye law enforcement included the lack of both financial resources and incentives
for the regulator. A simple negotiation game involving landlords, tenants and
the regulator was organized, and the agreements reached were used to design a
cooperative approach to bye-law enforcement for toilet construction.
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Citation
Antwi-Agyei, P., Monney, I., Dwumfour-Asare, B., & Cavill, S. (2019). Toilets for tenants: a cooperative approach to sanitation bye-law enforcement in Ga West, Accra. Environment and Urbanization, 31(1), 293-308.