Browsing by Author "Addai, Isaac"

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A Micro-Level Empirical Analysis of Annual Household Food Budget Shares in Ghana
(Elsevier, 2024-02-05) Addai, Isaac
This study examines Ghana's annual household food expenditures and their Engel food curve using data from the 2017-2018 seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey, which covered 14,009 household and lasted for one-year. Household demographics and specific variables influencing annual household food budget decisions in Ghana were examined, including income, household size, educational status of household head, household location, and household connectivity to electricity. The study establishes an inverse relationship between the share of the household food budget and the increase in household income, and a high annual household food expenditure elasticity with 0.49 pesewas out of every one cedi serving as an annual household marginal food budget share in Ghana, on average and ceteris paribus. The study provides additional statistical evidence that characterizes food as a necessity in Ghana and placed the country in the medium food insecurity zone. Economic development in Ghana means achieving food security at all times, which calls on the country to redouble its efforts to meet SDG Goal 2.
Accounting For Marginal Food Budget Share And The Engel’s Law Coefficient In Ghana: The Empirics From The Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Seven
(2021-02) Addai, Isaac
Using data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey seven, the paper established that the Engel’s Law is applicable to the economy of Ghana suggesting that a 10% rise in household expenditure reduces the share of the household budget allocated to food by 0.801 of one percentage point, on average, and that food is a necessity commodity in Ghana. The marginal food budget share is high at a 62 percent rate putting the economy of Ghana in the medium food insecurity category. Strenuous policy effort must be initiated to increase food production and supply in Ghana to make food not a necessity commodity anymore and move the Ghanaian economy away from the medium food insecurity category in the very near future.
An Empirical Analysis of Ashanti Region Annual Household Education Expenditure Using the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six Data
(Elsevier, 2024) Addai, Isaac
Using data from the 2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six (GLSS VI), this paper analyses regional variables affecting regional household spending on education using the Tobit model. The results showed that households in the Ashanti region increased their education spending on all the four types of the education categories namely; basic education, secondary education, post-secondary education, tertiary education with the basic education expenditure accounting for 53% of households' education spending. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study on the Ashanti region of Ghana to analyse the determinants of private education spending using data from the 2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey. This paper was unable to identify several other important factors that determine household spending on education in the Ashanti region because the GLSS VI data were not configured to examine these variables. 53% of Ashanti's private household spending on education goes only to basic education, which is worrying because it undermines the Education for All initiative being promoted by UNESCO.
An Empirical Analysis of Gender Earnings Gap in the Ghanaian Informal Sector Using the 1998/1999 Ghana Living Standards Survey
(2011-07-30) Addai, Isaac
This study used the 1998/1999 Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 4), a new nationally representative survey carried out by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and applied the Oaxaca (1973) decomposition to empirically analyse the phenomenon of gender gap in earnings in the informal sector labour market. The findings suggest the existence of discrimination in gender earnings in the Ghanaian informal sector labour market, and that females in the Ghanaian informal sector labour market are on average and ceteris paribus more skilful by 36%. However, males having sample average female characteristics earn on average and ceteris paribus 87% more in log monthly wages than their female counterparts.
An empirical analysis of household formal education expenditure in Ghana
(Cogent, 2024-12-31) Addai, Isaac
Using data from the latest 2017 Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Seven, this paper explores variables affecting household spending on education using the OLS model. The results showed that in the 12 months preceding the survey, household in the southern regions of Ghana increased their education spending on all the three types of the education categories namely; basic, secondary and post-secondary, and tertiary education, and established that the average annual household basic education expen diture accounts for 17.7 percent of the total annual household income and taking into account household undefined education expenditure, 13.5 of a percentage point is spent more on household basic education. The average annual household secondary and post- secondary education expenditure accounts for 5.8 percent of the total annual household income. Accounting for household undefined education expenditure, 22 percent of a percentage point is spent more on household secondary and post-secondary educa tion and average annual household tertiary education expenditure accounted for 3.8% of the total annual household income. Weighing undetermined spending on education by household, 6.3 percent of a percentage point is spent on household tertiary education. Household expenditure on tertiary education is the lowest of all the education cate gories’ expenditure.
Analysing household expenditure on education in Ghana: An update
(Elsevier, 2023) Addai, Isaac
The study analysed household-level data derived from the latest GLSS VII collected as part of a 2016-2017 national survey in Ghana and focused on examining households' annual expenditure on education. The driving force behind this study was the lack of an empirical analysis of household spending on education using this most recent data. The study results are that an increase in annual household income of 100 cedis per year increases actual household expenditure on education by about 26 cedis. Households in the Savannah Zones in Ghana show positive annual expenditure on education, while the Forest and Accra Zones show negative correlations with education expenditure. The positive education budgets of rural households have the potential to bridge an unequal society, as rural students' access to education leads to greater inequality in the production of specialized human capital in Ghana and this is a significant finding. And policy-makers in Ghana must take pragmatic steps to drastically reduce the 36 percent of households that do not spend on education as a public education policy measure to achieve SDG4.
Annual Household Budget Share in Formal Education Expenditure Using the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six Data: A Micro-Level Statistical Investigation
(Elsevier, 2024) Addai, Isaac
Using household-level data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six, this paper focused on examining factors that determine annual household expenditure on formal education in Ghana, using the annual share of household budget in total education expenditure as the dependent variable. The study established that households in Ghana spend an average of 5.6 percent of their annual income on basic education, and the estimated ordinary least squares (OLS) effect shows that rural households spend 6.7 percent less on education than urban households in Ghana. Policy wise, the central government of Ghana must take measures to ensure that household spending on basic education is reduced more and concerted efforts purposefully upgrading infrastructure and human resources in rural areas to a much level comparable to that in urban areas, and annual rural household education expenditure would also see a tangible increase, ceteris paribus, in Ghana.
Annual Spending on Formal Education Among Households in the Ashanti Region of Ghana: A Ghana Living Standards Survey Seven Investigation
(Elsevier, 2022-01-01) Addai, Isaac
This study uses a Tobit model to analyse socio-economic regional variables affecting households expenditure on education from data collected from the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS VII) in 2017. The results showed that households in the Ashanti region increased their spending on education across all three categories of education covered by the data, with spending on basic education accounting for 57.1 percent of total household spending on education. Female heads of household and family size have a positive impact on households’ annual expenditure on education. This study could help stakeholders involved in the development of the education sector in the Ashanti region to devise better strategies, especially in the face of shrinking public budgets for education, by recognizing the contributions of households as key actors in investing in education in the Ashanti Region. At the policy level, the Ashanti Regional Coordinating Council must act to ensure that households do not spend more than half of their total household spending on education for basic education.
Determinants of mutual fund investment decision by second cycle teachers in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana
(Inderscience Publishers (IEL), 2015) Awunyo-Vitor, Dadson; Aveh, Felix Kwame; Donkor, Samuel; Addai, Isaac
This study investigated factors influencing teachers’ mutual fund investment decision using second cycle institution teachers in the Kumasi metropolis. Two hundred and fifty-two respondents were sampled for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used in collecting data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages and the frequency distribution table were used in analysing the data. In addition, the logistic regression model was employed to identify factors influencing respondents’ decision to invest in mutual funds. From the study, it was found that 68.75% of the total number of respondents are aware of mutual fund as an investment option and 50% of them got to know of it through the advertisement of mutual fund products and services. From the logistic regression model; marital status, family size, other source of income and financial education had a positive relationship with mutual fund investment decision. The study therefore
Investigating Household Food Expenditures and the Engel’s curve in Ghana: The Empirics
(2023-01-07) Addai, Isaac
This paper examines Ghana's annual household food expenditures and their Engel food curve using data from the 2013-2014 sixth round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey which covered 16, 772 household and lasted for one-year. A sample size of 16,035 was however valid for the model estimation in this paper. Household demographics and specific variables, including income, education status, religion, number of rooms, access to clean water, ownership of household, electricity supply to household, and refrigerators availability at the household that influence the annual household food budget decisions in Ghana are examined. It establishes an inverse relationship between the share of the household food budget and the increase in household income. The paper established high annual household food expenditure elasticity with 0.52 pesewas out of every one cedi serving as an annual household marginal food budget share in Ghana, on average and ceteris paribus and provides additional statistical evidence that characterises food as a necessity in Ghana. Policy-wise, the central government is advised to take more pro-poor agricultural interventions to improve food production and reduce its cost in the country. With a rapidly growing population, these measures will bring Ghana's economy into a state of food security and allow the country to also achieve the SDG 2 goals it has set for itself.
Performance and Efficiency Analysis of Public Polytechnic Institutions in the Academic Year of Transition to Technical Universities in Ghana
(Elsevier, 2024) Addai, Isaac
Purpose: The paper investigates the production and efficiency of 10 public polytechnic institutions multi-production in their transition to public technical universities in the 2015-2016 academic year in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), a linear programming model, is applied to study the relative multi-production efficiency of the polytechnic institutions. Findings – The paper established that 50% of the public polytechnic institutions must continue to expand the enrolment of students into their programmes once they have transitioned into technical universities, since they enjoy economies of scale in their multi-productions and there are potential gains through efficiency. Research limitations – The research findings are stated with caution, given the small average size of public polytechnics in terms of Full-Time Equivalence student numbers. Practical implication – Matching inputs and outputs data for polytechnic institutions as higher education institutions (HEIs) to evaluate their efficiency and to encourage benchmarking as a means of improving performance in the academic year transiting them into public technical universities and beyond in Ghana, is thus welcome and unique and responds appropriately to the AU Agenda 2063 calls for evaluating the efficiency of higher education institutions on the continent. Social implication- The paper addressed a significant gap in the current public higher education literature in Ghana. Originality – To the author's knowledge, this is the first study using original data allowing analysis of multi-product efficiency in the 10 public polytechnic institutions in Ghana before their transition to public technical universities.
Problems of Non-Residential Students in Tertiary Educational Institutions in Ghana: A Micro-Level Statistical Evidence
(Scholarlink Research Institute, 2013-08-01) Addai, Isaac
This paper uses the external survey assessment techniques of the Probit model to examine the problem facing non-residential students of the College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba. The paper reports that non-residential students of the College encounter problems of neighbourhood disputes, severed landlords and landladies relationships, noise pollution, environmental pollution, lack of resting places, frequent water shortages, frequent disputes over payment of monthly electricity bills and less value for money for their various rented apartments. It is recommended that it is in the interest of the College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba to encourage high quality non-residential student housing since there is empirical evidence to show that there is greater level of academic success among students who live in a stable and supportive non-residential environment and the College of Technology Education, either through direct provision or indirectly through private providers, should take all steps to ensure that future non-residential student housing projects are conceived as an integral part of the academic community by taking direct and pragmatic steps to mitigate against the problems non-resident students encounter at their various places of residence.
TARIFF REFORMS, FOOD PRICES, AND CONSUMER WELFARE IN GHANA DURING THE 1990S
(2011) Ackah, Charles; Oladeji, S.I. and Abiodun, Adewale Adegboye; Oduro-Mensah, Daniel; Tawiah, E.O.; Dodoo, Naa Dodua; Addai, Isaac; Tetteh, Peace Mamle; Kpoor, Albert; Amoakohene, Margaret Ivy; Biveridge, Fritz
In this paper, we analyse the effect of food price changes on household consumption in Ghana during the 1990s and assess the extent to which changes can be explained by trade and agricultural policy reforms. The measurement of the total household welfare effect, one that jointly considers first order effects as well as consumption responses, is the object of this study. Food consumption behaviour in Ghana is analyzed by estimating a complete food demand system using the linear approximate version of the AIDS model with household survey data for 1991/92 and 1998/99. The estimated price elasticities are then utilized to evaluate the distributional impacts of the relative food price changes in terms of compensating variation. The results indicate that the distributional burden of higher food prices fell mainly on the urban poor.
The Predicaments of Non-Residential Students in Ghanaian Institutions of Higher Education: A Micro-Level Empirical Evidence
(IISTE. No 1 Central, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR, 2015) Addai, Isaac
This paper in the field of capacity building and students’ affairs used the external survey assessment techniques of the probit model to examine the predicaments of non-resident students of the College of Technology Education, University of Education, Winneba. Considering the very limited residential facilities and the growing demand for tertiary education, being a tertiary residential student is gradually becoming a mirage in most Ghanaian public universities. This paper argued that the College of Technology Education, either through direct provision or indirectly through private providers, should take all steps to ensure that future non-residential student housing projects are conceived as an integral part of the academic community by taking direct and pragmatic steps to mitigate against the difficulties and problems non-resident students encounter at their various places of residence.