Exposures to Environmental Hazards among Selected Basic School in the Asokore-Mampong Municipal of the Ashanti Region, Ghana.

Abstract

Globally children are more susceptible to airborne pollution, which can lead to lung and health problems. This study assessed environmental hazards and exposures among pupils and the prevalence of associated health conditions in the Asokore-Mampong Municipal. The study employed a cross-sectional design to evaluate environmental hazards and associated health conditions among basic schools in the Municipality. Structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and observations were used to collect data from pupils and teachers. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. The majority (65.6%) of the pupil were aged between 11-15 years and 52.3% were males. The prevalence of environmental hazard exposure was 97.5%, comprising of noise pollution (23.3%), chemical exposures (22.5%), and air pollution (20.0%). The most prevalent was noise pollution. Specific hazards in school premises included fumes from vehicles (55.8%) and excessive heat (44.2%). Road safety defects, such as no crosswalks (54.1%) and inadequate crossing signals (21.7%), were identified as well. Health conditions commonly reported among pupils were mild breathlessness (21.9%) and skin burns (18.3%). About 18.3% teachers reported difficulty concentrating while 16.7% students reported aches/pains. Most (80.0%) participants attributed their illnesses to environmental hazards within the school environment. Noise levels during different periods revealed that all schools assessed exhibited outdoor noise levels exceeding permissible limits of 55 dB, with indoor levels also remaining significant higher, between 50 to 62 dB. High noise levels (over 50 dB) were identified as potentially impacting students' concentration and well-being. The findings emphasize the importance of protecting school premises from environmental hazards to mitigate risks factors and foster a healthier learning environment.