Occupational Health, Safety, and Injuries among Firefighters in the Western Region of Ghana.

Abstract

The Ghana National Fire Service (GNFS) was established in 1963 by Act 219 primarily engages in firefighting, extinguishment, and humanitarian services. This study assessed occupational health, safety, and injuries among firefighters in the Western Region of Ghana, drawing from a sample of 270 respondents. The research employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to assess the prevalence of occupational injuries and associated risk factors, and the effect of first-aid training programmemes on occupational health and safety. The key findings revealed that 28.5% of firefighters reported experiencing work-related injuries, with activities such as fighting fires (34.1%) and handling tools and equipment (18.3%). Despite the prevalence of injuries, 45.1% of firefighters took no days off due to their injuries, underscoring potential challenges in injury management and rehabilitation. Work related health issues are also prevalent among firefighters, with 31.9% experiencing post-traumatic stress disorders and 26.3% reporting sleep troubles. While health and safety policies exist within the GNFS, disparities in implementation and adherence are apparent. Notably, while 52.6% of firefighters reported the presence of a documented health and safety policy, only 13.0% indicated having enough personal protective equipment (PPE) for all workers. First aid training emerges as a crucial aspect, with 84.8% of firefighters believing it is essential to learn first aid, and 83.3% agreeing that first aid should be given quick attention in the workplace. However, exposure to biological and chemical hazards underscores the need for continuous training and stringent safety protocols. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the occupational health and safety challenges faced by firefighters in Ghana's Western region. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions to enhance workplace safety, injury prevention, and emergency response strategies within the firefighting profession. Policymakers and fire service authorities can utilize these findings to implement measures aimed at ensuring the well-being of firefighters and the efficacy of firefighting operations. Further research is warranted to delve deeper into specific aspects of firefighter safety and health, facilitating continuous improvement in occupational safety practices and operational effectiveness.