AAMUSTED Knowledge Manager

Welcome to the AAMUSTED Knowledge Manager (Institutional Repository), an open access digital archive of scholarly intellectual and research outputs of AAMUSTED. The Knowledge Manager contains and preserves: Theses and Dissertations; Research Articles and Conference Papers; Rare and Special Materials and many other Digital Assets of the University.

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    Policy on Research and Publications Ethics
    (2023) University of Skills Training and Entreprenuerial Development
    The University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (USTED) is proud to present its comprehensive Policy on Research and Publications Ethics. This policy has been meticulously crafted to ensure that all research activities conducted under the auspices of USTED are held to the highest ethical standards. It encompasses guidelines for the responsible conduct of research, safeguarding the rights and welfare of research participants, and ensuring the integrity of academic publications. The policy is built upon universally recognized moral and ethical principles, including respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. It mandates rigorous adherence to ethical guidelines for research involving human participants, animals, and environmental concerns. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of transparency, accountability, and the protection of intellectual property in collaborative research. Key components of the policy include: • Guiding Principles for Ethical Research: Ensuring that all research is conducted with integrity, relevance, and respect for the rights of participants and communities. • Ethics Review Process: Mandatory ethics clearance for all research involving human participants, animals, or biosafety concerns before the commencement of studies. • Researcher Responsibilities: Detailed obligations for researchers to maintain high ethical standards, including informed consent, data protection, and non-exploitation of vulnerable populations. • Publication Ethics: Guidelines on authorship, data management, and recognition of sponsors, ensuring that all publications reflect the true contributions of researchers and uphold the integrity of USTED. This policy demonstrates USTED's commitment to promoting ethical research that not only advances knowledge but also contributes to the welfare of society at large. It serves as a guiding document for all members of the university community involved in research and publications.
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    Effect of Kalanchoe crenata Extract on Renal and Liver Impairment, Dyslipedemia and Glycemia in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats
    (Annual Research & Review in Biology, 2021-12-09) EFFAH-YEBOAH, Emmanuel; DARTEY, Emmanuel; ASARE, Agyapong Emmanuel; DWOMOH, Abraham Janice; KAGYA-AGYEMANG, K. James; BALALI, Iddrisu Gadafi; ABOAGYE, Vincent
    Introduction: Diabetes mellitus or diabetes is a metabolic ailment which occurs as a result of insulin insufficiency or defect in insulin function, or both that leads to ihyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide disease even though its prevalence in other countries vary. Kalanchoe crenata belongs to the family crassulaceae. It is also known locally as miracle plant and often utilized in Africa for medicinal purposes. The study was designed to ascertain the antidiabetic and dyslipidemic activity and effects of the ethanolic extract of both leaves and stem of Kalanchoe crenata on istreptozotocin incite diabetic rats for three (3) weeks. Methodology: 6-8 weeks old Sprague dawley rats received multiple injection of streptozotocin intraperitoneally (40mg/kg body weight) to induce diabetes melitus. Diabetes mellitus was observed and confirmed after six days of induction. The rats were given ethanolic extract of Kalanchoe crenata remarkably (10, 30 and 100mg/kg) and 5mg/kg glibenclamide orally twice daily for three weeks. Blood glucose, lipids, creatinine, urea, were then determined. Results: After week three of treatment 5mg/kg glibenclamide, 30 and 100mg/kg ethanolic extract of Kalanchoe crenata remarkably (p<0.05) decrease glycemia and improved lipidemia by decreasing overall cholesterol, LDL-C and increasing HDL-C likened to the control diabetic group. Also results from treated rats remarkably decrease blood urea nitrogen and creatinine. However, the affirmative control and the sampled treated groups showed curative and regenerative effect in the cells responsible for producing endocrine insulin “beta cells of the islets of Langerhans” located in the pancreas. Kidney and liver tissue sections of treatment groups showed a reversal of diseased insults made by the streptozotocin. Conclusion: The outcome of the research indicate that given ethanolic extract of Kalanchoe crenata remarkably contains the necessary phytochemicals for the development of a standard and effective herbal medicine for Diabetes mellitus and related complications and also with no toxic effects on the tissues of the liver, pancreas and kidney.
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    Effect of Boiling on the Nutrient Composition of Solanum Torvum
    (HIndawi, 2022-03-16) DWOMOH, Abraham Janice; SEKYERE, Kwadwo Emmanuel; GYAMERAH, Isaac
    The fruits and leaves of Solanum torvum are good sources of nutrients and minerals for the prevention of nutrient deficiencies. However, there is limited information on the effect of boiling on the nutrients, minerals and phytochemicals in the fruits and leaves. This study sought to assess the mineral, macronutrient and phytochemical compositions of fresh and boiled fruits and leaves of S. torvum. Fresh unripe fruit and leaf samples of S. torvum were collected from six communities, boiled, and pulverized for mineral, proximate and phytochemical analyses. The data obtained was subjected to ANOVA and t-test. Solanum torvum was found to contain Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, fibre, saponins, tannins, flavanols, terpenoids/steroids and glycosides making it nutritious. The results revealed almost equal concentrations of inerals in fresh and boiled leaves and fruits. A similar observation was made in the case of carbohydrate, crude fat and ash. However, there were significant differences in moisture, protein and crude fibre concentrations in the samples. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponin, tannin, flavonoids, terpenoids/steroids and glycosides in all leaf samples no matter the treatment. There were no flavonoids and terpenoids/steroids in fruits. Boiling nominally reduced and in a few cases, increased concentration of the nutrient composition but did not have significant effect on the concentration of the macro- and micro- minerals in the fruits and leaves. This study suggests that boiling could affects the concentration of nutrients that could be accessed in fruits and leaves of S. torvum.
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    Compositional and contextual factors as mediators in the relationship between incidence of diarrhoea and sources of drinking water in Ghana
    (Academic Journals, 2022-09) DWOMOH, Abraham Janice; KWAKYE, Nyarko Philip; KUFFOUR, Amankwa Richard
    Globally, diarrhoea is considered as a major threat to human health and remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Several studies have shown that incidence of diarrhoea is influenced by source of drinking water and mediated by some compositional and contextual factors. However, not much is known about how mediating factors interact with source of drinking water to influence incidence of diarrhoea in Ghanaian adults. This study was carried out to investigate how compositional and contextual factors interact with source of drinking water to influence incidence of diarrhoea. A survey was carried out in fourteen regions of Ghana. A multivariate regression model was used to determine how compositional and contextual factors mediate the effect of drinking water source on incidence of diarrhoea. The results showed that source of drinking water and geospatial (regional) disparities are the two main factors that affect incidence of diarrhoea in Ghana. Households that depended on river as a source of drinking water were 64% more likely to have diarrhoea compared to those who drink from pipe-borne water. Upper West Region recorded the highest incidence of diarrhoea (37%) and Volta Region recorded the least incidence of diarrhoea (less than 1%). Escherichia coli bacteria was detected in all water sources. Streptococcus was detected in all the water samples except dam water. Some of the causes of diarrhoea were found to be beyond the control of individuals warranting the need for government intervention and policy to improve the sanitation in the country.
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    Commercially formulated glyphosate can kill non-target pollinator bees under laboratory conditions
    (Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2018-04-04) ABRAHAM, John; BENHOTONS, Senami Grace; KRAMPAH, Isaac; TAGBA, Jehoshaphat; AMISSAH, Carlos; DWOMOH, Abraham Janice
    The use of glyphosate-based herbicides in agroecosystems has increased over the past few years because of the advent of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops and resistant weeds. This is alarming because of potential damaging effects on non-target organisms. In sub-Saharan Africa, for example Ghana, many rural farmers have not received training in the use of glyphosate-based herbicides, thus tend to apply higher than recommended concentrations on farms. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of glyphosate-based herbicides on beneficial insects under laboratory conditions, using Apis mellifera L. Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apini) and Hypotrigona ruspolii (Magretti) (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini) as models. The bees were put in contact for 24 h with the recommended concentration of Sunphosate 360 SL, a glyphosate-based herbicide, 29 the recommended concentration, or distilled water as control. The effect of the herbicide on the bees was compared to the effect of a lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. Generally, more bees died after contact with plants freshly sprayed with the herbicide than on herbicide-treated filter paper. In both cases, more bees died after contact with the higher concentration of the herbicide. These findings suggest that beneficial insects, specifically A. mellifera and H. ruspolii, may get killed if they are sprayed upon or come into contact with plants that have been freshly sprayed with (more than) the recommended concentration of glyphosate-based herbicides. Therefore, it is important to restrict access and use of such herbicides to trained personnel who will comply with spraying guidelines, that is, recommended concentrations and timing of spray. Spraying at a time when insects are flying about may be detrimental to beneficial insects such as pollinator bees, parasitoids, and predators.