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A Micro-Level Empirical Analysis of Annual Household Food Budget Shares in Ghana
(Elsevier, 2024-02-05) Addai, Isaac
This study examines Ghana's annual household food expenditures and their Engel food curve using data from the 2017-2018 seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey, which covered 14,009 household and lasted for one-year. Household demographics and specific variables influencing annual household food budget decisions in Ghana were examined, including income, household size, educational status of household head, household location, and household connectivity to electricity. The study establishes an inverse relationship between the share of the household food budget and the increase in household income, and a high annual household food expenditure elasticity with 0.49 pesewas out of every one cedi serving as an annual household marginal food budget share in Ghana, on average and ceteris paribus. The study provides additional statistical evidence that characterizes food as a necessity in Ghana and placed the country in the medium food insecurity zone. Economic development in Ghana means achieving food security at all times, which calls on the country to redouble its efforts to meet SDG Goal 2.
A theoretical model for Zika virus transmission
(PLoS ONE, 2017-10-04) Bonyah, Ebenezer; Khan, Muhammad Altaf; Okosun, K.O; Islam, Saeed
In this paper, we present and analyze an SEIR Zika epidemic model. Firstly, we investigate the model with constant controls. The steady states of the model is found to be locally and globally asymptotically stable. Thereafter, we incorporate time dependent controls into the model in order to investigate the optimal effects of bednets, treatments of infective and spray of insecticides on the disease spread. Furthermore, we used Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to determine the necessary conditions for effective control of the disease. Also, the numerical results were presented
Accounting For Marginal Food Budget Share And The Engel’s Law Coefficient In Ghana: The Empirics From The Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Seven
(2021-02) Addai, Isaac
Using data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey seven, the paper established that the Engel’s Law is applicable to the economy of Ghana suggesting that a 10% rise in household expenditure reduces the share of the household budget allocated to food by 0.801 of one percentage point, on average, and that food is a necessity commodity in Ghana. The marginal food budget share is high at a 62 percent rate putting the economy of Ghana in the medium food insecurity category. Strenuous policy effort must be initiated to increase food production and supply in Ghana to make food not a necessity commodity anymore and move the Ghanaian economy away from the medium food insecurity category in the very near future.
An Empirical Analysis of Ashanti Region Annual Household Education Expenditure Using the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six Data
(Elsevier, 2024) Addai, Isaac
Using data from the 2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six (GLSS VI), this paper analyses regional variables affecting regional household spending on education using the Tobit model. The results showed that households in the Ashanti region increased their education spending on all the four types of the education categories namely; basic education, secondary education, post-secondary education, tertiary education with the basic education expenditure accounting for 53% of households' education spending. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study on the Ashanti region of Ghana to analyse the determinants of private education spending using data from the 2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey. This paper was unable to identify several other important factors that determine household spending on education in the Ashanti region because the GLSS VI data were not configured to examine these variables. 53% of Ashanti's private household spending on education goes only to basic education, which is worrying because it undermines the Education for All initiative being promoted by UNESCO.
An Empirical Analysis of Gender Earnings Gap in the Ghanaian Informal Sector Using the 1998/1999 Ghana Living Standards Survey
(2011-07-30) Addai, Isaac
This study used the 1998/1999 Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 4), a new nationally representative survey carried out by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) and applied the Oaxaca (1973) decomposition to empirically analyse the phenomenon of gender gap in earnings in the informal sector labour market. The findings suggest the existence of discrimination in gender earnings in the Ghanaian informal sector labour market, and that females in the Ghanaian informal sector labour market are on average and ceteris paribus more skilful by 36%. However, males having sample average female characteristics earn on average and ceteris paribus 87% more in log monthly wages than their female counterparts.
Analysing household expenditure on education in Ghana: An update
(Elsevier, 2023) Addai, Isaac
The study analysed household-level data derived from the latest GLSS VII collected as part of a 2016-2017 national survey in Ghana and focused on examining households' annual expenditure on education. The driving force behind this study was the lack of an empirical analysis of household spending on education using this most recent data. The study results are that an increase in annual household income of 100 cedis per year increases actual household expenditure on education by about 26 cedis. Households in the Savannah Zones in Ghana show positive annual expenditure on education, while the Forest and Accra Zones show negative correlations with education expenditure. The positive education budgets of rural households have the potential to bridge an unequal society, as rural students' access to education leads to greater inequality in the production of specialized human capital in Ghana and this is a significant finding. And policy-makers in Ghana must take pragmatic steps to drastically reduce the 36 percent of households that do not spend on education as a public education policy measure to achieve SDG4.
Annual Household Budget Share in Formal Education Expenditure Using the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six Data: A Micro-Level Statistical Investigation
(Elsevier, 2024) Addai, Isaac
Using household-level data from the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round Six, this paper focused on examining factors that determine annual household expenditure on formal education in Ghana, using the annual share of household budget in total education expenditure as the dependent variable. The study established that households in Ghana spend an average of 5.6 percent of their annual income on basic education, and the estimated ordinary least squares (OLS) effect shows that rural households spend 6.7 percent less on education than urban households in Ghana. Policy wise, the central government of Ghana must take measures to ensure that household spending on basic education is reduced more and concerted efforts purposefully upgrading infrastructure and human resources in rural areas to a much level comparable to that in urban areas, and annual rural household education expenditure would also see a tangible increase, ceteris paribus, in Ghana.
Conceptions of Digital Libraries: An African Perspective
(Emerald Publishing, 2020) Owusu-Ansah, Christopher M.
Purpose The purpose of this paper was to explore African conceptions of digital libraries from the perspective of the historical literature. This paper argues that the concept of digital libraries is a western creation and that there was a need for developing societies to develop their own conceptions to guide their own digital library development agenda. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a literature review. The paper makes use of publicly-available literature on the theme of digital libraries from both the Western and African perspectives. The search terms used were “digital libraries”, “Africa digital libraries”, “electronic libraries”, “information communication technologies/libraries” and “institutional repositories”. A total of 89 publications were examined for this purpose. Findings The analysis revealed that most of the initial digital library initiatives in Africa emanated from the west with African countries benefiting from international initiatives to expand access to information resources to bridge the global digital divide. However, due to a number of contextual challenges such as lack of sustainable funding and inadequate capacity and strategy, the development of digital libraries was hampered. Thus, even though digital libraries enjoy considerable goodwill, there remain negative conceptions of digital libraries in Africa. Practical implications Information institutions in African countries must evolve a unified conception of digital libraries as this would largely drive the direction of digital library development towards achieving the developmental goals of the continent. Originality/value The study applies the attributes of innovation to explain contextual factors shaping African conceptions of digital libraries.
Darcy-Forchheimer flow of MHD nanofluid thin film flow with Joule dissipation and Navier’s partial slip
(Purpose-Led Publishing, 2018-11-14) Jawad, Muhammad; Shah, Zahir; Islam, Saeed; Bonyah, Ebenezer; Khan, Aurang Zeb
In this paper investigation is carried out on two dimensional liquid film with heat generation/ absorption and variable heat transmission of nanofluid MHD flow on an unsteady stretching sheet. Flow of nanofluid phenomenon is model from the basic governing time-dependent equations. By the use of suitable similarity transformation, these basic equations are transformed to differential equations system. The nanofluid is supposed to slip along the boundary of the sheet. To find the solution of the transformed modeled equations Homotopy Analysis technique is used. A numerical survey is presented for the convergence of the implemented technique. Effects of variations of different influential parameters like Nunumber and Cfx for fluid flow of liquid film with mass and heat transfer is observed. The effect of unsteadiness parameter S over thin film is explored analytically for different values. It is investigated that for large values of Mthatthenano fluid films velocity distribution decreases, where increase in the value of K1, are duction in the porous medium permeability. Thickness of thermal boundary layer decreases with increasing values of S, while increase of radiation parameter, the Nusselt number also increases. Furthermore, the embedded parameters used for comprehension of the physical presentation, like inertial parameter F1, magnetic parameter M, permeability parameter K1, Eckert number Ec, Prandtl number Pr, and parameters ε1, ε2 and γ has been presented by graphs and discussed in detail.
Determinants of mutual fund investment decision by second cycle teachers in Kumasi metropolis, Ghana
(Inderscience Publishers (IEL), 2015) Awunyo-Vitor, Dadson; Aveh, Felix Kwame; Donkor, Samuel; Addai, Isaac
This study investigated factors influencing teachers’ mutual fund investment decision using second cycle institution teachers in the Kumasi metropolis. Two hundred and fifty-two respondents were sampled for the study. A well-structured questionnaire was used in collecting data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics such as mean, percentages and the frequency distribution table were used in analysing the data. In addition, the logistic regression model was employed to identify factors influencing respondents’ decision to invest in mutual funds. From the study, it was found that 68.75% of the total number of respondents are aware of mutual fund as an investment option and 50% of them got to know of it through the advertisement of mutual fund products and services. From the logistic regression model; marital status, family size, other source of income and financial education had a positive relationship with mutual fund investment decision. The study therefore
Digital Library Readiness In Africa: A Strategic Human Resource Perspective
(Wits Institutional Repository On DSPACE, 2020) Owusu-Ansah, M. Christopher; Takyi, Lydia
The success of any digital library endeavour significantly depends on the human capital of the implementing organisation. Many African institutions and academic libraries in developing countries are focusing and channeling significant resources into planning and setting up digital libraries. However, the main hurdle for many of these efforts is the human resource capacity of staff expected to implement these projects as several studies show a considerable skills gap in many digital library projects leading to sustainability challenges. The aim of this paper is to propose the application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in evaluating digital library resources and services in Ghana to determine the readiness of academic libraries in implementing sustainable digital library services. As a result, the study examines the strategic plan of a multi-campus public university in Ghana with a view to aligning it to the same university’s library digital strategy using the BSC. The study proposes to academic libraries involved in digital initiatives to be mindful of the digital, financial and societal contexts in which they operate. The study is expected to contribute to efforts at finding strategic measures to drive the vision of the digital library African institutions.
Double-layer optical fiber coating analysis in MHD flow of an elastico-viscous fluid using wet-on-wet coating process
(Elsevier, 2016-12-05) Khan, Zeeshan; Islam, Saeed; Shah, Rehan Ali; Khan, Muhammad Altaf; Bonyah, Ebenezer; Jan, Bilal; Khan, Aurangzeb
Modern optical fibers require a double-layer coating on the glass fiber in order to provide protection from signal attenuation and mechanical damage. The most important plastic resins used in wires and optical f ibers are plastic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and low and high density polyethylene (LDPE/HDPE), nylon and Polysulfone. One of the most important things which affect the final product after processing is the design of the coating die. In the present study, double-layer optical fiber coating is performed using melt poly mer satisfying Oldroyd 8-constant fluid model in a pressure type die with the effect of magneto hydrodynamic (MHD). Wet-on-wet coating process is applied for double-layer optical fiber coating. The coating process in the coating die is modeled as a simple two-layer Couette flow of two immiscible f luids in an annulus with an assigned pressure gradient. Based on the assumptions of fully developed laminar and MHD flow, the Oldroyd 8-constant model of non-Newtonian fluid of two immiscible resin layers is modeled. The governing nonlinear equations are solved analytically by the new technique of Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The convergence of the series solution is established. The results are also verified by the Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). The effect of important parameters such as magnetic parameter Mi, the dilatant constant a, the Pseodoplastic constant b, the radii ratio d, the pressure gradient X, the speed of fiber optics V, and the viscosity ratio j on the velocity profiles, thickness of coated fiber optics, volume flow rate, and shear stress on the fiber optics are inves tigated. At the end the result of the present work is also compared with the experimental results already available in the literature by taking non-Newtonian parameters tends to zero. 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND
Ethical Leadership and Employee Creativity Among Engineering Employees: Evidence From a Developing Economy
(Benchmarking: An International Journal, 2023-03-31) Tetteh, Stephen; Mensah, Dei Rebecca; Opata, Narh Christian; Mensah, Nyarko Claudia
Purpose– Based on the trait activation theory, the current study systematically integrates how autonomy interacts with proactivity to influence the relationship between ethical leadership style and employee creativity. Design/methodology/approach– Using simple random sampling and questionnaires, a sample of 475 engineering employees of 3 leading telecommunication companies in Ghana were obtained. The analysis was done using structured equation modeling (SEM), using Smart PLS. Findings– The results showed that ethical leadership style provides employees with job autonomy which facilitates individual creativity. Employee proactivity also moderates a positive relationship between autonomy and creativity such that high-proactive employees are well placed to produce more creative outcomes when given autonomy. At the individual level, personal characteristics determine the degree of creativity. Practical implications– The current study implies that telecommunication companies should put in more efforts to train and encourage leaders to be ethical in leaders’ dealings with employees and employees must be rewarded for taking initiative. Originality/value– With a focus on the integrative approach from a developing economy, this work is novel in exploring how contextual and personal features impact creativity.
Exploring The Relationship Between Government Institutional Support And Export Strategic Performance
(researchgate.net/publication/362989929, 2022-08-27) Takyi, Nyankom Lydia; Naidoo, Vannie; Dogbe, Simon Kofi Courage
The study presented in the article examined the mediating role played by internationalisation in both government financial support–export strategic performance and government non-financial support export strategic performance relationships. The moderating role of a strategic alliance in the relationships between government financial support and degree of internationalisation, and between government non financial support and degree of internationalisation, was also considered. The study entailed a cross-sectional survey and included 301 indigenous export firms in Ghana. The reliability and validity of the data was tested using confirmatory factor analysis, with structural equation modelling as the primary means of analysis, run using Amos (v.23). It was concluded that both government financial support and non-financial support had a direct positive influence on export strategic performance. These relationships were partially mediated by the degree of internationalisation. Strategic alliance positively moderated the relationships between government financial support and degree of internationalisation, and also between government non-financial support and degree of internationalisation.
Financial Ratios (Accounting Ratios) and Survival of Microfinance Institutions in Ghana
(2015) Effah, Eric Sarkodie; Addai Isaac; Asiedu Daniel
Accounting Ratio is a way of expressing the relationship between one accounting result and another, which is intended to provide a useful comparison. Accounting ratios assist in measuring the efficiency and profitability of a company based on its financial reports. Accounting ratios are important for financial decision making irrespective of the size of the institution. The Bank of Ghana has the constitutional mandate to oversee the activities of all financial institutions in Ghana including the Microfinance institutions. This core mandate of Bank of Ghana is basically guided by the use of accounting ratios. The ratios per their style have the power to determine the risk exposure of financial institutions. Over the past five years the Ghanaian economy has witnessed the collapse of certain microfinance institutions that the public assumed to be highly visible in the financial market. The study therefore provided a logistic regression model with 117 observations to determine whether accounting ratios have the power to predict the fortunes of microfinance institutions in Ghana. An increase in the current ratio reduces the log-odds of a firm's survival by -1.461987. An increase in the acid test ratio improves the log-odds of survival by 6.847345. An increase in the debt equity ratio increases the chances of survival of a firm by 1.055941. Current ratio and acid test ratio were statistically significant at 10 percent whilst debt equity ratio was statistically significant at 5 percent. The study implies that microfinance institutions should be mindful of the current ratio, acid test ratio and the debt to equity ratio.
Good Governance and Financial Administration in Local Governance in Ghana
(International Institute for Science, technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals, 2015) Domfeh, Kwame Ameyaw; Takyi, Nyankom Lydia
This study set itself the task of evaluating good governance practices and their effects on financial administration in Local Government. Specifically, the study examined how good governance contributes to good financial administration in the Cape Coast Metropolitan Assembly. The paper adopts a quantitative approach in examining good governance and financial administration in the Ghanaian local governance structure using 103 respondents selected through the purposive sampling technique. The results show a positive association between good governance and financial administration. The results of this study have policy implications for improving upon the performance of the MMDAs in Ghana to ensure good governance practices which eventually translate into effective and efficient financial administration.
Government Support, Strategic Alliance and Internationalization: Evidence From Indigenous Ghanaian Exporters
(Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 2022-02-15) Takyi, Nyankom Lydia; Naidoo, Vannie; Dogbe, Simon Kofi Courage
Le degré d’internationalisation exige une relation symbolique au sein des états, des compétiteurs (en tant que Pacte national interentreprises) et des partenaires internation aux pour développer l’efficacité, la compétence afin d’étendre des relations internation ales. Pour cette raison, cette étude évalue le rôle du médiateur des pactes stratégiques dans les relations entre les soutiens gouvernementaux (financiers et non-financiers) et le niveau d’internalisation des entreprises indigènes. Notre étude est une enquête ré alisée à partir des données recueillies sur 301 exportateurs indigènes qui ont été ciblés du secteur de Base de données de l’autorité de promotion et d’exportation du Ghana (Ghana Export and Promotion Authority database). Nous avons contrôlé la fiabilité et la justesse de cette enquête à travers l’Analyse factorielle confirmatoire (Confirma tory Factor Analysis), en prenant compte de Modèle d’équation structurelle (Structural Equation Modelling), comme le principal moyen d’analyse, en tenant compte de Amos v.23. En conclusion, les deux soutiens : financier et non-financier du gouvernement ont contribué considérablement au niveau d’internalisation. Pourtant, ces relations ont été arbitrées partiellement par des Pacte stratégiques. Sur ce, nous implorons des futures enquêtes dans le même domaine, en regardant au-delà des soutiens du gouvernement, des entreprises indigènes et des études d’internationalisation, y comprises d’autres élé ments institutionnels externes comme les facteurs socio-culturels.
Heat and mass transfer together with hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating disk
(AIP Advances, 2020-05-20) Tassaddiq, Asifa; Khan, Sadam; Bilal, Muhammad; Gul, Taza; Mukhtar, Safyan; Shah, Zahir; Bonyah, Ebenezer
This article explores an incompressible hybrid nanofluid flow over an infinite impermeable rotating disk. The influence of a magnetic field has been added to better examine the fine point of nanoliquid flow. The main purpose of this work is to enhance our understanding of the exhaustion of energy in industrial and engineering fields. This study is mainly concerned with the von Kármán traditional flow of a rotating disk, involving carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and magnetic ferrite nanoparticles together with a carrier fluid such as water. The nonlinear system of differential equations is transformed to the dimensionless ordinary differential equation by using an appropriate similarity framework, which is further treated with the “homotopy analysis method” for the analytic solution. A mathematical calculation is provided to prove and illustrate why the hybrid nanofluids are advantageous as far as the heat transfer enhancement is concerned. Although the physical features highly rely on CNTs and iron oxide nanoparticles, it is concluded that the heat and mass transfer rate is greatly enhanced by the addition of CNTs and Fe3O4 nanofluids. By increasing the velocity of disk rotation, fluid temperature and velocity are significantly increased. The use of CNT + Fe3O4/H2O influences the performance of thermophysical characteristics of carrier fluids more compared to magnetic ferrite nanomaterials. © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0010181.,
Influence of ICT on Graduate Students' Use of Electronic Resources: Leadership Lessons
(International Journal of Educational Leadership (IJEL)., 2016-08-10) Takyi, Nyankom Lydia; Owusu-Ansah, M. Christopher; Rev. Fr. Prof Anthony Afful-Broni, PhD
The study is a survey of the impact of leadership on graduate students' use of electronic resources. The study employed a questionnaire-based survey consisting of 24 questions to determine JCT skills; method of awareness and purpose of use of electronic resources; as well as the impact of leadership on the use of electronic resources among graduate students. The total population was 725 graduates students of which a random sample of 100 (13%) used for the study with a 100 per cent response rate. The retrieved data was inputted into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.00 for the analysis of the results. The variables were subjected to in-depth data analysis and presented through descriptive statistics in the form of tables. The findings have important implications for leadership mainly on the role of academic staff and librarians. The study also demonstrates a high commitment of key academic stakeholders in supporting quality research through the formulation and implementation of favorable policies on the use of quality electronic resources for graduate research.
Innovation, Trade Openness and CO2 Emissions in Selected Countries in Africa
(Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020-11-16) Dauda, Lamini; Xingle, Long; Mensah Nyarko ,Claudia; Salman, Muhammad; Boamah, Baah Kofi; Ampon-Wireko, Sabina; Dogbe, Simon Kofi Courage
Innovation is considered an effective tool for fighting CO2 emissions as it enhances energy efficiency and cleaner production. However, it has received limited attention in the context of Africa. Therefore, the study examines the nonlinear link between innovation and CO2 emissions in nine (9) African nations from 1990-2016 at both panel and individual country level. The cross sectional augmented Dickey Fuller (CADF) panel unit root test affirmed the stationarity of the variables. Westerlund and Johansen cointegration tests established a long-run link amongst the variables. The study employed fixed effect model and generalized method of moments for the panel and ordinary least square for individual country. The results validated an inverted U-shape relationship between innovation and CO2 emission at panel level and in Mauritius, Egypt, and South Africa. Renewable energy use lessens CO2 emissions at the panel level. Human capital decreases CO2 emissions at the panel and in some individual countries. Moreover, both pollution haven hypothesis and pollution halo effect were confirmed. Similarly, at the panel level Environmental Kuznets Curve was confirmed in 4 out of 9 countries. Our findings suggest that regional integration and assimilation of innovation into all stages of development for green growth should be pursued.

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